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Probability of neither expanding nor terminating FDI partnership

​Making and Maintaining Corporate Empires
                                      The Political Economy of FDI, Appended

Summary: The logic governing MNC behavior changes after entry, and this is evident in the functional form of the statistical relationship between FDI activity and hosts' macro- political/economic environments. Specifically, the likelihood of FDI "initiation" is strictly increasing with market capacity and strictly decreasing with political risk (i.e. monotonic), while the likelihoods of both FDI "expansion" and "termination" are greater in asymmetrical environments than in mixed or moderate environments (i.e. non-monotonic).
       
     Violence, Predation,
                                     and FDI Entry

Summary: Violence perpetrated by rebels and rogue government agents deters new FDI "entry" by MNCs, but violence perpetrated willfully by the central government does not.
Peace and Conflict
                    at different stages of the FDI Lifecycle


Summary: MNCs are sensitive to host states' experiences with unrest and conflict when initiating new FDI partnerships, but prove steadfast after the cost of investment are sunk.
       Transparency, Risk, and FDI


Summary: MNCs are not unconditionally risk-averse. They are willing to accept political risk when they can confidently assess and quantify it -- for instance, when the host government practices transparency.
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Conditional Effect of Decrease in Political Risk
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Subsidiaries Opened in the Developing World, 1994-2010
Bringing the Company Back In
                                 A Firm-Level Analysis of Foreign Direct Investment


​Summary: Introduces an original dataset recording subsidiary placements by 77 major MNCs between 1993-2010, and re-evaluates the relationship between democracy and FDI.
Profiting from Sanctions
                  Economic Coercion and US FDI in Third-Party States


Summary: Sanctions divert FDI flows from sender states to host countries who maintain close economic ties with target states. Globalization empowers powerful firms to circumvent economic barriers erected by their own governments.
Avoiding the Spotlight
                      Human Rights Shaming and Foreign Direct Investment


Summary: FDI decreases with negative human rights publicity; but the relationship with actual human rights practices is less clear. Human rights activists can use economic globalization as a powerful tool by imposing "reputation costs" on MNCs who partner with abusive regimes.